Anaconda是最受欢迎的Python / R数据科学和机器学习平台。它用于大规模数据处理,预测分析和科学计算。
Anaconda发行版附带了1,500多个开源数据包。它还包括conda命令行工具和称为Anaconda Navigator的桌面图形用户界面。
在本教程中,我们将指导您在Debian 10上下载并安装Anaconda Python Distribution。
安装Anaconda
在撰写本文时,Anaconda的最新稳定版本为2019.10。在下载Anaconda安装程序脚本之前,请访问Anaconda下载页面,并检查是否有可用于Python 3的Anaconda新版本可供下载。
使用wget或curl下载Anaconda安装脚本:
wget -P /tmp https://repo.anaconda.com/archive/Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh
下载可能需要一些时间,具体取决于您的连接速度。完成后,使用以下sha256sum命令验证脚本的数据完整性:
sha256sum /tmp/Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh
您应该看到类似以下的输出:
46d762284d252e51cd58a8ca6c8adc9da2eadc82c342927b2f66ed011d1d8b53 /tmp/Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh
确保上面命令中打印的哈希值与您要安装的Anaconda版本在64位Linux页面上的Anaconda with Python 3上可用的哈希值匹配。
https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/hashes/Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh-hash/
运行脚本以启动Anaconda安装过程:
sh /tmp/Anaconda3-2019.10-Linux-x86_64.sh
Welcome to Anaconda3 2019.10
In order to continue the installation process, please review the license
agreement.
Please, press ENTER to continue
>>>
按ENTER以继续,然后按SPACE以滚动浏览许可证。审核完许可证后,系统将提示您接受许可证条款:
Do you accept the license terms? [yes|no]
[no] >>> yes
输入yes要接受的许可证,脚本将要求您选择安装位置。
Anaconda3 will now be installed into this location:
/home/linuxize/anaconda3
- Press ENTER to confirm the location
- Press CTRL-C to abort the installation
- Or specify a different location below
默认位置适合大多数用户。按ENTER确认位置,然后将开始安装过程。
安装可能需要一些时间。完成后,您将看到以下内容:
Preparing transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
installation finished.
Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3
by running conda init? [yes|no]
键入yes,然后按ENTER,脚本将添加conda到您的PATH:
==> For changes to take effect, close and re-open your current shell. <==
If you'd prefer that conda's base environment not be activated on startup,
set the auto_activate_base parameter to false:
conda config --set auto_activate_base false
Thank you for installing Anaconda3!
===========================================================================
Anaconda and JetBrains are working together to bring you Anaconda-powered
environments tightly integrated in the PyCharm IDE.
PyCharm for Anaconda is available at:
https://www.anaconda.com/pycharm
要激活Anaconda安装PATH,请使用以下命令将Anaconda安装程序添加的新环境变量加载到当前的shell会话中:
source ~/.bashrc
要验证Anaconda是否已成功安装,请使用以下conda命令:
conda info
active environment : base
active env location : /home/linuxize/anaconda3
shell level : 1
user config file : /home/linuxize/.condarc
populated config files :
conda version : 4.7.12
conda-build version : 3.18.9
python version : 3.7.4.final.0
virtual packages :
base environment : /home/linuxize/anaconda3 (writable)
channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
package cache : /home/linuxize/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/linuxize/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/linuxize/anaconda3/envs
/home/linuxize/.conda/envs
platform : linux-64
user-agent : conda/4.7.12 requests/2.22.0 CPython/3.7.4 Linux/4.19.0-5-amd64 debian/10 glibc/2.28
UID:GID : 1000:1000
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
更新水蟒
更新Anaconda是一个非常简单的过程。首先使用以下conda工具更新该工具:
conda update conda
当提示您确认更新时,键入y以继续。
一旦conda被更新,继续与蟒蛇更新:
conda update anaconda
与之前相同,出现提示时,键入y以继续。
您应该定期更新Anaconda安装。
卸载Anaconda
要从Debian系统上卸载Anaconda,请首先删除安装Anaconda的目录:
rm -rf ~/anaconda3
编辑~/.bashrc文件,然后从PATH环境变量中删除Anaconda目录:
〜/ .bashrc
# >>> conda initialize >>>
# !! Contents within this block are managed by 'conda init' !!
__conda_setup="$('/home/linuxize/anaconda3/bin/conda' 'shell.bash' 'hook' 2> /dev/null)"
if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
eval "$__conda_setup"
else
if [ -f "/home/linuxize/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh" ]; then
. "/home/linuxize/anaconda3/etc/profile.d/conda.sh"
else
export PATH="/home/linuxize/anaconda3/bin:$PATH"
fi
fi
unset __conda_setup
# <<< conda initialize <<<
运行以下rm命令从用户主目录中删除隐藏的文件和文件夹:
rm -rf ~/.condarc ~/.conda ~/.continuum
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